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中文報導

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Pension

我们为什么对养老金没有信心 (2005年12月29日)
目前，我国养老金缺口高达2.5万亿元。调查显示，九成以上的人担心养老问题，57%的人觉得养老还得"靠自己另外攒钱"，37%的人认为退休后自己的生活水平将"严重下降"。有关专家指出无论养老保险体系的结构最终如何确定，当务之急是要尽快恢复养老保险体系的信誉和资金的可行性，重建老百姓对政府的信心。  

China : Why We are Losing Faith in Social Pension (December 29, 2005)
At present, China 's social pension fund gap has widened to RMB ￥2,500 billion. A  recent study showed that 90% of the people surveyed expressed concern over life after retirement. Fifty-seven per cent feel that extra savings will be needed in order to have a relatively decent retirement life.  Thirty-seven percent believe that their quality of life will decrease after retirement. Pension experts say that the government's pension agency must regain credibility with the Chinese population. 

养老险新规不增加个人负担 （2005年12月15日）
12月14日，国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会，发布了《关于完善企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》。劳动和社会保障部副部长刘永富介绍了我国完善企业职工基本养老保险制度的有关情况，对新制度进行了权威解读, 进一步强调新政策不会增加个人负担。

China: New Pension Policy Will Not Increase Individual Contribution (December 15, 2005)
On Dec. 14, the National People's Congress held a news conference on the latest changes in pension policy. Individual contributions will decrease from 11% of the wage rate to 8%, effective Jan. 1, 2006. Officials from Ministry of Labor and Social Security also gave an authoritative interpretation on the policy changes. They confirmed that the new policy will not increase individual contributions.

养老险改革调查：50.8%担心未来养老 （2005年12月1日
从2006年1月1日起，个人账户的规模统一由本人缴费工资的11%调整为8%，全部由个人缴费形成，单位缴费不再划入个人账户，而划入社会统筹。有关专家指出这个比率可以让现在的老人过的相对舒适，但是将来的老人将会少拿很多。最新在北京，上海以及广州的社会民意调查显示，大约有50.8%的人担心未来养老问题。 

中国养老基金的发展趋势 (2005年10月27日)
社保基金、企业年金和个人自愿养老保险基金这三大养老基金支柱，由于其养老保障性质、养老保障地位的不同，国际市场投资损益形成后果的不同，因此在实行数量限制规则时，对这三大养老基金支柱国际投资应适用差别化的数量限制安排。特别是第一养老基金支柱即社保基金在国家整个养老体系中占有第一重要的地位，其国际市场投资损益状况对整个国家养老保障状况的影响重大，因此对第一基金支柱应实行比较严格的数量限制。
China : Prospect on Pension System Reform ( October 27, 2005 )
Social security pension fund, corporation sponsored retiree pension and individual retirement accounts are the three pillars for the Chinese pension system. As a result, it is economically imperative to grant foreign investment capitals limited access, experts point out.  In particular, precautionary measures are especially necessary when opening up social security pension fund since it has the biggest impact among the three on the pension system and on current and future older persons in China .

世行建言中国的养老体制改革 将会未富先老（2005年10月27日）
10多年后，中国的人口将快速地老龄化。总人口中退休人员的比例将快速上升，到2030将达到和很多经合组织国家类似的水平。为此，政府应建立一个强有力的养老体制，保证老年人得到照顾而同时国家能够持续发展。中国的养老体制改革已经进行了10多年，尽管取得了巨大成就，但仍有很多未解决的问题。
China : Challenges and Suggestions for China's Pension Reform (October 27, 2005)
A recent World Bank report noted that the Chinese population aged at a much faster rate than did its  economic development.  While the pension reform has been in place for more than ten years and the nation has made significant improvement, China continues to many challenges and unsolved issues as the home to the largest number of older people in the world.

东北大集体改革 部分城市中央企业先试点 (2005年10月20日)
10月19日，国务院总理温家宝日主持召开国务院常务会议，讨论并通过《国务院关于完善企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》，并研究东北地区厂办大集体改革试点问题。会议认为厂办大集体涉及面广，情况复杂，改革要"先试点、再推广" 。
China: Pension Reform Expected to Implement in Parts of Northeastern Provinces (October 20, 2005)
Prime Minister Mr. Jiabao Wen hosted the Oct 19 State Council Conference approved measures on implementing pension changes in parts of the Northeastern Provinces, where many State-owned factories predominate. 

中国养老保险制度改革方向(2005年9月23日)
中国养老保险体制改革在过去20年中取得了重大进展，但不具备解决国民养老问题的整体方案。首先，现行政府养老金加企业年金制度方案尚处于制度建设期，配套制度尚不完备，甚至在试点地区也仅取得初步性进展；其次，现行方案面临巨大的财政压力，势必受到日益突出的人口老龄化的考验；第三，现行方案的覆盖面还不够宽，面向农村人口（特别是非农业农村人口）的养老保障体系改革尚未启动。
China : Review on Pension System Reform (September 23, 2005)
Despite significant improvement on pension change over the past two decades, China 's pension system fails to provide an all-inclusive plan. First, pension funds system financed by government and state- owned corporations is in the development and testing phase.  Many pension assistance programs are still waiting to be setup. Second, current pension plan will be facing great financial challenges as the population ages. Third, the pension system in the countryside hasn't really started yet.

面对"未富先老" 如何解决"老有所养" (2005年9月1日)
同西方工业化国家相比，我国老龄化具有规模大、速度快的特点。西方国家是先实现工业化，后进入老龄化，"先富后老"；我国工业化还没有完成，老龄化就提前到来，"未富先老"。如果社会保障体系不完善，人口老龄化的发展将对可持续发展和社会稳定造成巨大压力。
China: Difficulties Facing Social Pension System (September 1, 2005)
(Article in Chinese)
Compared to western industrialized countries, China has a relatively larger proportion of elderly and the population is aging at a much faster pace as the result of the Chinese population policy. While the nation is still on the road to economic prosperity, the lack of a sustainable social pension system is likely to make the road even bumpier.

面对"未富先老" 如何解决"老有所养" (2005年9月1日)
同西方工业化国家相比，我国老龄化具有规模大、速度快的特点。西方国家是先实现工业化，后进入老龄化，"先富后老"；我国工业化还没有完成，老龄化就提前到来，"未富先老"。如果社会保障体系不完善，人口老龄化的发展将对可持续发展和社会稳定造成巨大压力。
China : Difficulties Facing Social Pension System ( September 1, 2005 )
Compared to western industrialized countries, China has a relatively larger proportion of elderly and the population is aging at a much faster pace as the result of the Chinese population policy. While the nation is still on the road to economic prosperity, the lack of a sustainable social pension system is likely to make the road even bumpier.

农民工参保需破解"三难"( 2005年8月29日)
有一份牢靠的养老金是每一个农民工的愿望，然而有关报道显示2004年，无锡市有2559名农民工退保，退保金额为419.8万元。到了今年，就在4月18日一天，到无锡市社保中心退保的就多达178人。为何农民工不愿参保？参保后为何又频频退保？有关部门负责人表示如果不及时调整相关政策，退保将继续呈上升趋势。
China: Three Obstacles Prevent Farmer Workers from Participating Pension System (August 29, 2005)
(Article in Chinese)
Many believe that every farm worker dreams of a reliable pension plan. However, reports show more and more farm workers choose to opt out of the pension system and the trend continues. Why do they choose to go without coverage?

农民工参保需破解"三难"( 2005年8月29日)
有一份牢靠的养老金是每一个农民工的愿望，然而有关报道显示2004年，无锡市有2559名农民工退保，退保金额为419.8万元。到了今年，就在4月18日一天，到无锡市社保中心退保的就多达178人。为何农民工不愿参保？参保后为何又频频退保？有关部门负责人表示如果不及时调整相关政策，退保将继续呈上升趋势。
China : Three Obstacles Prevent Farmer Workers from Participating Pension System ( August 29, 2005 )  
Many believe that every farm worker dreams of a reliable pension plan. However, reports show more and more farm workers choose to opt out of the pension system and the trend continues. Why do they choose to go without coverage?

平安养老金公司获企业年金基金管理机构两项资格 (8月4日, 2005)
8月4日, 劳动和社会保障部公布了首批企业年金基金管理机构资格认定结果，平安养老金公司同时获得企业年金基金管理机构的受托人和投资管理人两项资格，这也意味着作为全国首家养老金专营机构，平安养老险公司可以正式对外开展业务。
China: Ping An Annuity Insurance Company of China Approved Rights to Manage Corporate Annuity Fund (August 4, 2005)
Yesterday, Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MLSS) granted a total of 37 firms the rights to manage corporate annuity funds. Ping An Annuity Insurance Company of China, claimed to be the first institution specialized in annuity fund management in China, is quoted to operate very soon. Many believe corporate annuity fund will promote the development of capital market once the entry begins.

年金选秀 10余家机构投资者过评审关 (2005年7月28日)
据《第一财经日报》报道，企业年金基金管理机构资格认定的专家评审已经基本完成，10余家机构投资者已过专家评审关，两养老金公司可望成赢家。一直以来，尽管保险公司对企业年金这块蛋糕跃跃欲试，但事实上，在目前年金市场上扮演主角的，却一直是各地社保机构旗下的企业年金管理中心以及行业性的年金管理中心。
China: More Than 10 Institutional Investors Approved Eligible in Initial Pension Management Eligibility Evaluation (July 28, 2005)
According to China Business News, more than ten institutional investors, of which two specialized in pension management, were approved as eligible for the pension management business in the initial eligibility evaluation. Prior to approval, the pension management business in China was heavily monopolized by regional or industry oriented pension management centers. Although the result is not final, the deregulation is expected to bring positive changes to the pension market in China.

爲自己養老，準備好了嗎？(2005年7月9日)
目前中國是世界上老齡人口最多的國家，一對夫婦要養四個老人和一個孩子，經濟負擔不可謂不重。一般來說，每個人的養老保障應該由三部分構成，一是社會基本養老保險，這部分比例大約占養老金總數的30%。二是企業爲員工準備養老的企業年金，比例也是30%左右。三是個人爲養老準備的資金，包括保險、基金等，這部分比例大約占養老金總數的40%。多方面考慮將來的養老問題，成為新一代白領的重要課題。
China: Retirement Life! Are You Ready? (July 9, 2005)
China is the country that currently hosts the most older persons.  Young couples provide for four parents and one child, a situation that is very difficult. Generally speaking, every adult should secure their retirement livelihood using three methods-social (government-based) pensions (30%), employer pensions (30%), and investments or savings that they have purchased for themselves (40%). To prepare better for retirement has become an important new topic for the new working class. 

完善社保體系探索改革新路 首批退休"大集體"領到養老金(2005年6月22日)
自今年3月份開始，哈爾濱市擴大養老保險的參保者範圍。城鎮集體企業(俗稱"大集體")的職工也被納入參加養老保險人群。根據這些政策，只要是哈市城鎮集體企業的職工，有原始人事檔案且檔案中有勞動行政部門審批的招工手續，在2004年6月30日前未達到法定退休年齡的職工，都可以享受集體職工參加養老保險的辦法。
China: Reform of Pension System, "Group Community" Employees Can Also Get Their Pensions (June 22, 2005)
Beginning in March, the city of HaErBin has broadened its coverage of participants in the pension system. Employees in companies of small cities or towns, which are called "Group Community" employees, can also be included in the pension system! According to the new policy, as long as you are a worker in these companies, you have records on file, and you did not retire before June 30, 2004, then you have the right to receive pension benefits.

調查顯示：逾七成廣州市民希望政府加大社保力度(2005年6月15日)
"廣州社情民意研究中心近日進行的"廣州社會保險狀況市民滿意度"調查發現，有七成二的受訪市民對基本養老保險最關心的問題，是退休後的保障水平，關注率居於首位。四成人認爲目前社保的保障水平落後于廣州的經濟發展水平，期望政府能加大對社保的財政投入力度，加強對弱勢人群的保障。
China: Report Finds Over 70% of GuangZhou Citizens Expect Government to Accelerate the Development of the Social Pension System (June 15, 2005)
GuangZhou Social Opinion Research Center recently carried out a survey about GuangZhou citizens' satisfaction with the pension system. The report found that 72% of the interviewees are concerned over what amount the pension system can guarantee them when they retire. About 40% of the interviewees think the maturity of pension system is not comparable to the economic development in the same region. They hope that the government will devote more funding to the pension system to secure employees' retirement life.

日本企業年金制度及其對我國的啓示(2005年6月1日)
企業年金又稱企業補充養老保險，是企業在國家有關政策和法規指導下，根據自身經營狀況和發展需要而建立的，旨在使職工在退休之後的一定時期內能按年度或月度獲得一定數額養老金的退休收入保障制度。與基本養老保險制度相比，企業年金屬於政府鼓勵的非盈利性的自願的企業行爲。國際上一般將企業年金視爲員工福利計劃的一部分，作爲一種人力資源管理的制度安排，企業年金在各國的建立和發展受多種因素的制約而呈現不同的形式和特色，本文將對世界上較爲典型的日本企業年金制度進行分析。
Japan: How Japanese "Enterprise Pension" Can Inspire Us (June 1, 2005)
An "Enterprise Pension" is a pension from a firm or employer intended for its own workers at retirement. In Japan, these pensions have been developed with government supervision and the provisions vary from company to company depending on their material conditions. At retirement, employees receive the "Enterprise Pension" in monthly or annual payments. Compared to the government's universal social pension system, employers view the enterprise pension as part of their employees' welfare and as an incentive for workers to stay with a firm. Enterprise Pensions differ from firm to firm and among countries. This article focuses on Japan's programs as a possible model for other countries.

粵試點做實養老保險個人賬戶面臨104億元缺口(2005年5月26日)
目前我國實行的是社會統籌與個人賬戶相結合的制度，這意味著在職的一代人既要繼續承擔供養上一代老人的義務，又要爲自己將來養老進行部分積累，即個人賬戶積累。廣東今年將成爲全國做實養老保險基金個人賬戶的試點，試點的核心是"統賬分離，做實個人賬戶" 。但最大問題是：做實個人賬戶還面臨104億元"歷史性虧空"。 
China: Trial Run in Canton Province to Strengthen Pension System in Individual Part Is Facing 10.4 Millions of Historical Shortage (May 26, 2005)
In China, the exchequer in pension system is confusing. There is no clear line for the money used for the whole system and to the individuals. This means the new participating employees have to defray the pensions to give those now retirees. Meanwhile, they have to accumulate money for the pensions they will get when they are retired. Canton province is going to run a trial to strengthen this system in individual part. The main focus will be, "separate the exchequer for the whole and for the individual, making the individual accounts be substantial ". However, the biggest problem is, there is still a 10.4 billions of historical money shortage need to be filled.

籌8億鉅資了結陳賬 河北養老金拖欠問題解決(2005年5月24日)
2005年4月25日，離"五一"國際勞動節還有不到一個星期的時間。
河北省92家企業、7941名離退休人員的養老金銀行存摺上，打進了一筆錢：企業過去若干年拖欠的基本養老金。這一天，值得記憶。因爲就在這一天，河北全省企業歷史拖欠離退休人員基本養老金的問題得以終結。政府籌措的8.4億多元資金全部到賬，10餘萬企業離退休人員拿到了本該屬於他們的養命錢；歷時16個月的時間，去除了老人們幾年、十幾年的心病。
China: 800 Million of Old Debt for Late Pension Distribution Has Been Paid-off in HeBei (May 24, 2005)
On April 25, 2005, less than one week prior to the "May First" golden week, 92 companies in ChunDe, the capital city of HeBei, placed late pension monies into the bank accounts of some 7,941 retirees. The delinquent money had been paid off! This is an important date to remember. The problematic history of late pension distribution in HeBei province was solved on this day. The 840 million from the government arrived on time and more than a hundred thousand retirees got back their "living money." This project took 16 months to plan and complete and ended these elders' sadness over having no pension for more than ten years. 

個人賬戶"空賬"運行老有所養如何破題?(2005年5月14日)
當前中國養老體系面臨巨大壓力，個人帳戶沒有足夠的錢養老該怎麼辦？中國的社會養老保障只能保證離退休人員的基本生活開支，有專家建言，如果要真正保證老年人生活的幸福，可能還需要個人養老進行補充。目前，中國由於儲蓄實際利率爲負，儲蓄不光不能增值，甚至會導致本金損失，在現在的情況下，政府應多開闢居民養老投資的途徑，這也會在一定程度上緩解將來社會養老的壓力。
China: How to Solve the Financial Pressure of Aged Population When Individual's Banking Accounts Are Unbalanced (May 14, 2005)
The public social pension system is under the enormous pressure. What should individuals do when they don't have enough money for their old age? The social pension system can merely ensure a basic living for retirees. Specialists suggest, individuals may need to save themselves to ensure their welfare in retirement. But right now, due to the fact that the savings rate is in a negative rate; putting the money into the bank might result in a loss. Under this circumstance, the government should offer more alternatives for people to invest their money. This action, to some extent, will prevent some financial pressure in the future.

養老金規劃宜早不宜晚(2005年4月30日)
理財專家指出，中國未來老年人的絕對數量實在太大了，單純依靠社會養老很難解決某些現實問題，所以，不僅是老年人，包括中青年人也應及早進行養老理財規劃。 
進入或接近退休期的老年人，進行養老理財時，以投資安全爲主要目標，保本爲根本，應著眼於有固定收入的投資工具。中青年人的養老理財，應注重通過各種投資途徑讓自己和家庭的資産保值增值，以便抵抗通貨膨脹帶來的危害。 
China: It's Always Better for Individuals to Have a Retirement Plan Earlier (April 30, 2005)
Financial specialists point out that the aged population will be too large in China and it is not possible for individuals to singly depend on social pension system to give them enough money. Therefore, it's always better for individuals to have a retirement plan earlier, even in their 20s or 30s. The financial plan for people close to retire age should be focus on stable, safer investment tools, which can keep their original money from losing. Younger people could choose more profitable investment tools, which can secure them from later inflation. 

中國養老險面臨三挑戰六轉變 (2005年4月21日)
國家勞動和社會保障部副部長劉永富在北京時表示，養老保險是社會保障的重要組成部分，涉及人數多，基金規模大，制度安排和資金積累的時間周期長，對國民經濟和社會穩定的影響舉足輕重。目前，基本養老金的當期發放做到了，但制度、機制和體制方面的問題仍未完全解決，有些工作仍未落實到位，在新的歷史條件下養老保險面臨三大挑戰六大轉變。
China: Three Challenges and Six Transformations in China's Pension System (April 21, 2005)
Liu Yong-Fu, the minister of MLSS (Ministry of Labour and Social Security), announced in Beijing that the social pension system is very important in the field of social security. The people and money involved are huge. To build up the system and to raise the needed capital will take a long time. Now, China can only distribute pensions normally. There are still lots of problems that need to be solved. He notes three challenges and six transformations in the near future that China must address.

中國養老體系面臨嚴峻挑戰 (2005年4月21日)
全國社會保障基金理事會理事長項懷誠在香港時表示，中國養老體系正面臨兩個嚴峻挑戰。第一：人口老齡化速度加快。２０００年，全球和中國６０歲以上人口比例均爲１０％左右，二者大體相當。到２０３０年，全球的這個比例是１６％，中國的這個比例則高達２４．５％，這說明中國人口老齡化速度大大高於世界平均水平。第二：基本養老保險不健全。中國的基本養老保險的覆蓋面還不到勞動力人口的１５％，九十年代前的舊制度與新制度之間又存在著歷史缺口。在這兩個難題下，他們必須採取更有效的措施。
China: Social Pension System in China is Facing Harsh Challenges (April 21, 2005)
Huaicheng Xiang, the president of the China Social Protection Budget Committee, announced in Hong Kong that the social pension system in China faces two difficult challenges. Firstly, China's aging population is increasing very rapidly. In the year 2000, the population of 60-year-olds and above was about 10% of the national population, equivalent to the world average. By 2030, the world average will be 16%, while the percentage in China will hit 24.5%. China will age faster than the world average. Secondly, the social pension system is not good. The pension insurance covers less than 15% of the work force. And there is a historical deficiency between the new system and the old one in place before 1990. Under these circumstances, the government must act more efficiently. 

山西爲300萬農民工啓動社會養老保險(2005年4月13日)
山西省375萬多名鄉鎮企業職工將參加社會養老保險，其中包括300多萬名農民工。中國鄉鎮企業職工人數超過了1．38億人，但參加社會保險的不到5％。山西省在全省範圍內開展鄉鎮企業職工社會養老保險工作，解決了在全省範圍內的城鄉之間、地區之間的養老保險轉移問題，在國內是一個創舉。
China: Pension System for Agriculturists Is In Operation (April 13, 2005)
In ShanXi province, there are 3,750,000 country town employees will be recruited in the pension system, including 3 millions of agriculturists (farmers). 
The number of China's country town employees is 138 millions, however, less than 5% of them have pensions. This large scale, provincial new action of pension system could solve the transferring difficulties when the employees change their working places (in cities or in country towns). It could ensure a stable pension system within ShanXi province and which is also an innovative action in China.

农村养老保险存在的问题与对策 (2005年3月9日)
建立农村社会养老保险制度是为了实现社会养老与家庭养老相结合，解除农民的后顾之忧，农保基金被称为农民的养老钱。我们近几年在对农保基金审计过程中发现，农村社会养老保险制度在10多年的运行过程中，暴露出了一些问题，若不加以重视并寻求解决的方法，不仅会导致农民养老钱的血本无归，难以使农民老有所养，更是影响社会稳定的隐患。
China: Problems Facing the Pension Systems In the Rural Areas (March 9, 2005)
The Chinese government intended to use the social pension system in the rural areas to combine the pension with family caretaking. The pension system in the rural area is called the "caretaking money for elders." In recent years researchers found problems as they looked at the rural area pension system. If those problems are not handled now, is it likely that farmers will lose all of their money, a situation that will endanger the stability of the society.

做实个人账户 专家释说"养老钱"三大热点 (2005年3月9日)
今年全国"两会"期间，国家劳动保障部部长郑斯林接受本报记者采访时证实，包括广东在内的13个省份，要实现养老保险个人账户做实制度.
China: Financial Experts Comment on the Three Hotspots in Pension System (March 9, 2005)
During the Two Meetings this year, SiLin Zheng, the minister for the Department of Labor Protection, told the journalists that the pension systems should be reformed, including GuDong Province. 

南京：万余企业逃缴职工养老金 (2005年3月7日)
2004年，南京市劳动和社会保障局相关部门对全市用工单位社会保险征缴情况进行了稽查，共追缴保险基金1．06亿元，这其中有6000家企业根本没申报社会保险缴费基数，而万余家企业均存在漏报、瞒报缴费人数、缴费基数的行为。
China: Many Companies Avoid Paying Pension for Their Employees (March 7, 2005)
During the year of 2004, the Department of Labor and Social Protection in NanJing investigated the pensions in the companies and got RMB 106 million. More than 600 companies have never reported the amount of pensions for their employees. There are more than 10,000 companies that did not report the real amount or avoided reporting.

"我该到哪领这笔养老金？" (2005年3月7日)
"2001年2月退休，2003年6月才享受退休待遇。"徐永保，出生于1941年2月的六旬老人向本报反映，"那我该到哪领这期间的养老金？