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Articles in Chinese 2003中文報導All texts are in Chinese. To read the Chinese article, please install the Internet Explorer Chinese language pack or NJ star communicator. 原文為中文。請安裝IE中文語言軟件、南極星或其他中文識別系統以便瀏覽原文。 See Chinese articles on Pensions, Health, Elder Rights, and Rural Aging. 養老保險金按月繳納幾百元退休能拿多少錢(2003年12月27日)How Much I Can Get from the Pension System After My Retirement? (December 27, 2003 ) 中國現行養老保險制度經過10多年的改革﹐相對而言是一個較新的體制。中國政府從九十年代起就開始要將原為給付制養老金制度改革為個人帳戶基金制。現行制度建于1997年﹐為全國統一的繳費率和收益率。但是﹐大多數人並不清楚此新制度。本文解答了一些最常見的問題﹐並通過舉例來幫助讀者計算其養老保險金。 The current Chinese pension system is relatively new after decades of reform. The Chinese government has tried to reform its Pay-As-You-Go pension system into a partially funded one since 1990s. The current model was established in 1997, with a nationally standardized contribution rate and replacement rate. However, many pensioners and pension contributors are still confused about this new pension system. This article tries to answer the most frequently asked questions regarding the pension system, and cites examples to help readers calculate their own pension benefits. 北京市調整城鎮退休人員基本養老金(２００３年１２月１６日) Beijing Increases Basic Pensions for Retirees in the City or Towns (December 16,2003) １６日從北京市勞動和社會保障局了解到﹐為保障企業退休﹑退職等人員基本生活﹐北京市對２００２年１２月３１日前退休的企業退休人員基本養老金進行了調整。調整幅度根據繳費﹑退休時間﹑及工作技術含量而有所不同﹐範圍為每月15元到100元。北京此次對城鎮退休人員基本養老金的調整自２００３年７月１日起執行﹐並在２００４年１月１５日之前發放到退休人員手中。 Officials of Beijing Labor and Social Security Department announced on that Beijing will increase pensions for current pensioners who retired before December 31, 2002 to ensure their basic living standards. The amount increased ranges from 15-100 yuan per month, depending on the years of contribution, the year retired, and type of jobs held prior to retirement. The increased pensions will come into effect on July 1, 2003, and pensioners are expected to receive them by January 15, 2004. 台灣﹕立院放寬原住民領敬老津貼資格 (２００３年１２月４日) Taiwan : Legislature Loosens the Eligibility of Elderly Stipends for Indigenous People (December 4, 2003) 立法院院會４日三讀通過修正「原住民敬老福利生活津貼暫行條例」。比照敬老福利生活津貼暫行條例，放寬「已領取」公教人員、軍人保險、勞工保險老年給付的五十五歲至六十四歲原住民。預估有兩千六百人受惠，可領取每月新台幣三千元的敬老津貼，所需經費每年約增加四千六百八十萬元。 On December 4, the Taiwan legislature passed the "Elderly Stipends for Indigenous People Regulation." The regulation loosens the eligibility among indigenous people between 55 and 64 years old who are receiving government insurance benefits for public school teachers, former military persons, and workers. An estimated 26 million people will be eligible for the 3000 Taiwan dollar monthly stipend, which will cost the government around 46.8 million Taiwan dollars every year. 一企業勞資科長冒領死人錢兩年"吞"了7萬多(2003年11月17日)Enterprise Payroll Official Took 70,000 Yuan Pensions in Two Years (November 17, 2003) 張黎明,湖州五金工具廠勞資科長,隱瞞這個廠４名職工已死亡的事實,兩年內冒領養老金共７３１５５.３元。近日,湖州市吳興區法院以詐騙罪,判處張黎明有期徒刑３年。一位承辦此案的法官認為,張黎明冒領養老金,關鍵是這個廠管理上存在漏洞,有關手續全由張黎明一手操辦,如果在此過程中有經辦人,再由分管領導把關,審核,這種案件完全可以避免。 Liming Zhang, Chief Payroll Official at Huzhou Hardware Factory, took 73,155.3 yuan worth of pensions in the name of four dead ex-employees. Zhang is sentenced for three-year imprisonment for fraud. A judge believed that the fraud could be avoided if the factory had an effective monitoring and management system over payrolls and pensions. As a matter of fact, Zhang was able to control all the steps in payrolls and pensions, which made it very easy for him to commit the fraud. 企業年金制度可讓養老金翻倍國家立法兩年難產(2003年11月13日)Enterprise Pension Plans Will Double Retirement Benefits (November 13, 2003) 去年,國家勞動和社會保障部有關負責人透露,有關部門將出臺一項關于企業年金的法規。但是時隔已經一年有余,該法規千呼萬喚還是不見蹤影。如果企業能為職工建立企業年金,積累的時間比較長,委托的運營公司經營狀況比較好,退休職工每月就可以在基本養老金之外多得一筆錢。企業年金制度目前已在深圳全面推行。廣東省企業年金制度的建立已經提上議事日程,相關政策正在擬訂中,全面推行為期不遠。 Last year, officials of the China National Labor and Social Security Bureau said that the regulation for enterprise pension plans was expected to come into force soon. But after over a year, the regulation is still pending. If enterprises provide pension plans for employees and pension fund managing companies invest the funds well, retirees will be able to receive extra income from enterprise pension plans apart from the social security pension benefits. 中國社會保障覆蓋面不斷擴大(2003年8月3日)Chinese Social Security Coverage Continues to Increase (August 3, 2003) 隨著國家不斷擴大社會保險覆蓋面，越來越多的中國勞動者被納入社會保障安全網。根據勞動和社會保障部提供的數據，中國養老金按時足額發放率已從１９９８年的９５％提高到目前的９９.９％。As the nation continues to increase social coverage, more and more Chinese workers are now covered under the network. According to records provided by the Labor and Social Security Department, the percentage of pensions distributed in full on time have gone up from 95% in 1998 to 99.9% now. 中國企業退休人員社會化管理率超過５０％(2003年7月30日)Chinese Enterprise Retiree Social Management Rate over 50% (July 30, 2003) 企業退休人員管理服務社會化是指職工辦理退休手續後，其管理服務工作與原單位分離，養老金實行社會化發放，人員移交城市街道和社區實行屬地管理，由社區服務組織提供相應的管理服務。截至６月底，中國共有企業退休人員３３６５．３萬人，已實行社會化管理服務的有１７５１．６萬人，社會化管理率達到５２％，比去年底提高８．５個百分點。專家指出，這是中國建立獨立於企業之外的社會保障體系的重要內容，是保証企業退休人員晚年幸福安定生活、提高生活質量的重要措施，也是今年推進社會保障體系建設的一個突破點。The enterprise retirement social management service is referred to as "after retirement arrangements, the management responsibility is no longer done by the original organization but the local community where the retiree lives. The pension is managed by the community service organization that provides the corresponding management service." Until the end of June, there were a total of 33 million enterprise retirees in China. Among them, there were 17 million already in the social management service. The rate reached 52%, an increase of 8.5% compared to last year. Experts pointed out that this is important in the community protection system; it guarantees enterprise retirees of having a peaceful and happy life; it is an important step for increasing quality of life, and it is pushing community protection system to a new positive level. 蒙騙、挪用黑洞頻現財政350億養老金補貼不足 (2003年7月14日) China: 35 billion not enough to cover the pension black hole (July 14, 2003) 被稱為"養命錢"的養老保險金在中國成了少數人鑽空子的目標。少數公司和個人使用蒙騙、挪用、冒領、肥私工具等種種手段來謀取個人利益。2003年中央財政對養老保險金計劃補助350億元，但這計劃顯然有些不現實。 Pension fund has become the target of profit-seeking in China. Some companies and individuals are taking advantage of loopholes in the existing social pension system for personal benefits. It seems the original budget of RMB 35 billion is not enough to cover the black hole. 中國財政部被疑違規操作六十億元社保基金 (2003年7月3日) Chinese Finance Ministry suspected to mismanage social security fund (July 3, 2003) (in Chinese) 中國大陸財政部社保司違規將近六十億元人民幣養老金，存放在大陸中央財政養老保險基金專款，遭審計署重點調察。廣東二十一世紀經濟報導引述消息人士，這筆巨額資金存入銀行後增加的利益，可能被變通為集團利益甚至個人利益。 The Chinese Auditing Department is investigating a 6 billion Yuan social security fund, managed by the Social Security Department of Finance Ministry. Profits of the fund in the form of interest are suspected to have been distributed to a group or even an individual.
中國勞動和社會保障部近日要求各地爭取用兩年左右時間基本實現企業退休人員管理服務社會化。企業退休人員社會化管理服務是指職工辦理退休手續後，其管理服務工作與原單位分離，養老金實行社會化發放，人員移交街道實行屬地管理，由社區服務組織提供相應的管理服務。全國已對４９．４％企業退休人員實行了社會化管理服務。 China Labor and Social Security Department recently urged relevant governmental agencies at all levels to complete the establishment of a social management system for enterprise retirees within two years. The system requires community service agencies rather than retirees' companies to handle pension payments and provide services to retirees. Nationwide, 49.4% of the enterprise retirees are currently in the social management system. 專家詳析中國社保改革四難點與六個突破口 (2003年5月17日) Expert comments on China's social security system: four problems and six suggestions (May 17, 2003) (in Chinese) 本周出版的《了望》周刊登載中國社科院社會學研究所所長、中國社會保障問題專家景天魁的訪談文章，指出中國當前社會保障改革的四大難點與六個突破口。景天魁指出四大難點為：經費十分緊張，覆蓋面太低，宏觀決策有待改進，體制不順。他強調城響統籌，不是城響統一、劃一，而是整體的保障體系，不同的保障水平，靈活的保障方式，多樣化的保障模式。 In Liao Wang magazine this week, an article talked about the interview with Tiankui, Jing, Director of Sociology Department of Chinese Academy of Social Science, regarding reform of China's social security system. Jing points out four problems of current system: limited funding, narrow coverage, lack of basic policy analysis, and poorly coordinated administrative system. He also provides six suggestions in reforming the system. He emphasizes that China needs a well-coordinated social security system to consider different needs of urban and rural areas.
中國社科院社會學研究所所長、社會保障問題專家景天魁近日表示，應該從體制上入手，重新進行國家公共權利的整合，在中國建立一個基礎整合的社會保障體系。(新體系應為覆蓋面廣的城鎮統籌的社會保障。他還指出醫療與衛生保健相比花費巨大而效果有限，走出醫療改革困境的辦法，就是跳到"醫療"之外，以衛生保健為基礎。 Jingtian, Kui, Director of Sociology Department of Chinese Academy of Social Science, says recently that China needs to establish a basic social security system with a wide coverage. The new system needs to provide basic social security services and cover both urban and rural areas. He points out that the government should focus more on preventative medical services rather than curative medication to avoid waste of financial resources.
２００２年，中國城鎮基本養老保險的覆蓋面繼續擴大，年末全國有１１１２８萬職工和３６０８萬離退休人員參加了基本養老保險，比上年末增加２０５萬人。全年人均離退休費８８４９元，比上年增長１３．７％。大多數離退休人員按時足額領到基本養老金。In 2002, the coverage of Chinese pension system for cities and towns expanded. By the end of last year, 111,280,000 employees and 36,080,000 retirees are covered by the pension system, an increase of 2,050,000 over 2001. The annual pension was RMB 8,849 (equivalent to US$ 1,079) per person in the last year, increasing by 13.7% over 2001. Most retirees received their pensions on time and in full amount.
陳清泰談社会保障 (2003年3月11日) China: Reform of Social Security System (March 11, 2003) (in Chinese) 全国政協委員、国務院發展研究中心副主任陳清泰建議政府應儘快出臺新的公共政策，對社會保障體制進行改革。他認為未来新的社會保障体制的建立應按照广覆盖、低水平、社会化、可持續的原則。他指出新體系在經濟目標上要达到收支方面的可持續性；政治目標上要达到不同人群利益關系的平衡及其連續性。他還指出現行城鎮職工基本養老制度還是一个不太广的范圍内實施的制度，特点是退休年齡較低，替代率較高，依靠較高繳費率，以現收現付方法支撑。 Qingtai, Chen, Vice Director of Development Research Center of the State Council of P.R.China, points out that the Chinese government needs to establish new public policies for social welfare reform as soon as possible. He believes that the new system should aim to achieve a wider coverage with relatively lower benefits to recipients. He thinks that the system should be financially sustainable and politically acceptable to all interest groups. He also points out that the current system is essentially a pay-as-you-go system characterized by narrow coverage, early retirement, high replacement ratio, and high tax rate.
2002年中國養老保險費收入達2110億創新高 (2003年2月8日) China received over RMB 211 billion of pension fees in 2002 (February 8, 2003) (in Chinese) 2002年中國養老保險費征繳收入達2110多億元，同比增收250多億元。截至2002年底，中國養老保險參保人數已超過1.1億人，同比增加220萬人。In 2002, Chinese pension fund received over RMB 211 billion (equivalent to US$ 25.7 billion) for pension fees, an increase of over RMB 25 billion (equivalent to US$ 3.04 billion) over 2001. By the end of 2002, over 110,000,000 people participate in the pension system, an increase of 2,200,000 people over 2001.
中国需要什麼樣的社会保障？ (2002年6月26日) What kind of social welfare system does China need? (June 26, 2002 ) 文章指出了現行中國社会保障制度存在的四大突出問題，並提供了兩種改善国民心理預期的方法。作者還指出社會保障已成為我国社会經濟生活中的一件大事。国企改革需要社会保障，解构調整需要社会保障，社会穩定也需要社保障。 In his article "What kind of social welfare system does China need" (Economic Information Daily, 2002), Shusheng Gao pointed out four problems of current social welfare system in China, and suggested two ways to reform current system to meet people's expectations. He recognized that the social welfare system is essential to China's state-owned-enterprise (SOE) reform, structural change, and social stability. (The text is available in both English and Chinese.) << Return to Top of Page >>
北京退休人員醫療報銷明年起提高10%（2003年12月9日) 廣州悄然興起臨時托老服務(2002年8月22日)
China: Temporary Elder Care Services Emerge in GuangZhou (August 22, 2003) 溫哥華一養老院疑出現新薩斯 Canada: Vancouver - Elder Care Center Suspects New SARS Case (August 20, 2003) 進一步的化驗結果証實，加拿大溫哥華地區的一所養老院確實出現了新的薩斯病疫情。但是，也有專家們認為，現在下結論為時尚早，因為這批受傳染者的癥狀並不明顯。不列顛哥倫比亞省疾病控制中心的專家布雷諾醫生認為，這次疫情有兩種可能。 Laboratory results determined that a new case of the SARS virus may have appeared in an elder care center in Vancouver , Canada . Blood tests showed the virus gene was the same as the SARS in China , Toronto , etc., that appeared months ago. But some experts say it's too early to draw conclusions, since the symptoms were not obvious and the tests may have errors. A doctor from the Britain Columbia Virus Control Center in Vancouver pointed out two possible answers for this undetermined situation. One was that this virus was the identical virus as SARS, only that its symptoms were less significant. Another was that this was a variation or transformation of the original SARS virus. 香港四院舍爆流感34人住院 (2003年7月27日) Hong Kong: Four Institutions burst out Flu Infection; 34 were hospitalized (July 27, 2003) 香港流感小爆發已蓋及港島新界4間院舍。日前出現集體感染葵涌救世軍荔景院， 26日再有8人染病送院﹔另位於柴灣高威閣、元朗和上水的3間老人院和智障院舍，亦相繼發現有院友同時間出現發燒、咳嗽等流感病徵，須集體入院求診。目前整體染病人數達64人，當中34人留院，包括1人須接受深切治療。立法會議員勞永樂警告，多間院舍爆發流感，其實是社區爆發流感的先兆。 Small
infections of flu have burst out in Hong Kong. Several were infected in
Salvation Army Lai-King Institute several days ago. On July 26, 8 more
were infected and sent to the hospital. In addition, 3 nursing homes and a
mental institution located in Chai-wan, Yuan-long and Shang-shui had
people with flu symptoms such as fever, coughing, etc around the same
time. Those infected were sent to the hospital for examination. So far, up
to 64 were infected. Among them, 34 were hospitalized and one needed
special treatment. Legislative Council Wing-Lok Lo warned, "The flu
infection in many of the institutions is a sign of further infection among
the society."
中國社會對老年人同樣擁有正常的性需求沒有給予相當的關注。性越軌導致越來越多的老年人跨入性病患者行列。老年問題專家認為，解除老年人性困惑的辦法，還是以解決再婚和提供"老有所樂"的條件為主。 The sex need among the elderly has long been ignored in China. The number of older people who have contracted sexually transmitted diseases has been rising rapidly due to unhealthy sex behaviors. Experts say that more social activities and marriage among the widowed and the divorced elderly can help mitigate the problem.
中國防艾靠77歲老人？ (2003年7月11日) China: Old lady's fight against AIDS (July 11, 2003) 中國一年屆77的老人高耀潔毅然走上防治艾滋之路。世界衛生組織"世界健康與人權獎"獲得者高耀潔致力于傳播艾滋病的知識和防治艾滋病在中國的擴張。雖然防艾是一條艱難之路，她卻義無反顧地走了下去。 A 77-year-old Chinese lady started her career of AIDS prevention after her retirement as a medical doctor. Yaojie, Gao, an old lady who won WHO's World Health and Human Rights Awards, dedicates herself to educating and preventing the spread of AIDS in China. Although limited resources and people's ignorance about AIDS made her after-retirement career a tough one, she never gave up.
澎湖縣農漁局人員今天表示，行政院農委會與政部最近修正公布實施「從事農業工作農民申請參加農民健康保險認定標準及資格審察辦法」，自即日起生效。該辦法規定，參加其他社會保險或領有其他社會保險養老給付者不得再加入農民健康保險。Peng Hu County Farming and Fishery Department officials said that a new law regarding the eligibility of farmers' health insurance would come into effect today. The law denies eligibility of applying the farmers' health insurance for farmers who receive pension from the social security system or any other social insurance welfares.
香港安老院舍長者感染「沙士」的人數大幅上升，在短短兩周中暴升一倍達六十一人。中大醫學院的學者稱，預期安老院將會是繼大型屋苑後，下一個大規模爆發「沙士」疫潮的戰場。 In over 50 Hong Kong care homes, the number of the elderly infected by SARS has doubled to 61 people during the past two weeks. An expert at the Medical Center of the Central University in Hong Kong points out that, care homes are expected to the next SARS "spreading center".
由於專家預測SARS可能成為季節性流行病，台北市長馬英九表示，將在今年秋、冬季節來臨，也就是在年底以前，為全市其他四千三百多位獨居老人都裝設求救手錶。根據消防局表示，這套系統透過錶上無線電電波的發射，以及電話線連接到消防「一一九」，消防人員可以隨時掌握老人家生活起居動態。(As SARS is spreading in Taiwan, Taipei Mayer Yingjiu, Ma says that the city government will provide free emergency watches to 4,300 older people who are living alone by the end of this year. According to officials of Firefighting Department, the emergency watch is the user-end of a SOS radio system, which enables users to contact the Firefighting Department for emergency. << Return to Top of Page >> 中國老年人婚姻﹕難圓與尷尬的境地（２００３年１２月２８日） |
